The finished casts are used in a variety of ways depending on the desired effect. For make-up effects the appliance is sculpted on top of the cast so that it will fit the contours of the actors body. A mold is then made of the sculpted appliance.
The appliance is then cast up. This can be done in a variety of materials such as gelatin, silicon, latex etc. The appliance is then glued to the area in question.
Molds can be taken from almost any area of the body. Here's a cast of some teeth.